Returning to normal after pandemic isn’t good enough
By David Suzuki with contributions from Senior Editor and Writer Ian Hanington
After months of disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many people just want to get back to “normal.” We will overcome this crisis. But “normal” means continued climate disruption and species extinction, growing inequalities, increasing pollution and health risks and the possibility of further new disease outbreaks.
Toronto’s COVID-19 recovery must address the climate crisis
Recovery plan should accelerate transition to zero-carbon city, write activists
JUL 27, 2020 BY MICHAEL POLANYI
Published in TORONTO.COM
Michael Polanyi is a climate campaigner at Toronto Environmental Alliance.
Recent extreme heat, drought and flooding in Toronto and southern Ontario are stark reminders that we must not forget the mounting climate crisis as we forge a recovery from COVID-19.
The COVID-19 crisis has hurt people who have the fewest options to protect themselves — those who are homeless or underhoused, people living in long-term care, and front-line service workers who lack the option of working at home. In Toronto, these tend to be Black, Indigenous, racialized, low-income people, and the elderly.
Extreme heat — and other climate impacts — pose a major threat to these same populations.
Both COVID-19 — and the climate crisis — challenge us to model a recovery plan that addresses deep-seated inequities and improves the health and well-being of all Toronto residents.
Mayors around the world are rebuilding and reimagining their cities. Paris is installing 650 kilometres of new bike lanes. Seattle is banning tenant evictions for six months. Berlin is expanding access to urban food gardens to 50,000 residents. Milan is planting 3 million trees.
Torontonians see some signs of hope that the recovery from COVID-19 will bring positive change here, too.
In May, Mayor John Tory joined other large-city Mayors in signing the C40 Cities COVID-19 Recovery declaration, committing to address the climate crisis, and “do everything in our power … to ensure that the recovery from COVID-19 is healthy, equitable and sustainable.”
Also in May, the new Toronto Office of Recovery and Rebuild was mandated to include climate change and resilience in its recommendations this fall to City Council. Council also agreed to quickly complete the long-debated, 15-km Bloor-Danforth bike lane, and this month Mayor Tory indicated his support for fast-tracked construction of at least two of five proposed bus express lanes (on Eglinton East and Jane).
Now, the City needs to build on these important first steps by ensuring its COVID-19 recovery plan accelerates the transition to an equitable and resilient zero-carbon city.
We believe there is an unprecedented opportunity to forge an economic recovery that also reduces inequity and protects us from future climate shocks.
Alongside member groups of the Toronto Climate Action Network, we are calling on Mayor Tory and city council to implement — with support from provincial and federal governments — the following cost-effective actions to kick-start a fair and sustainable economic recovery:
● launch a low-carbon jobs strategy focused on training and hiring equity-seeking groups including racialized youth;
● ramp up energy efficiency retrofits of multi-residential buildings to reduce emissions, improve living conditions and create new jobs;
● expand green space, tree cover, and green roofs, especially in neighbourhoods most vulnerable to extreme weather;
● expand community-based gardens and food programs;
● provide safe transit options by ensuring accessible and equitable transit service, protected bike lanes, and expanded Bike Share rentals;
● strengthen resilience and emergency preparedness by supporting neighbourhood-based hubs and resident networks.
Our city will no doubt experience more harsh shocks in the future, whether from climate change or pandemics. Now is the time to build a more equitable and sustainable city that prepares us for what lies ahead.
If we value each other as human beings, why return to “Normal” when there were so many inequities in our “normal” situation before the pandemic? The economic system that we had has been exposed as an inhuman system of exploitation of the many for the benefit of a few.
Here’s an example of why we need to implement a Universal Basic Income:
A PUBLIC LETTER FROM THE ARTS COMMUNITY FOR A BASIC INCOME GUARANTEE
16 July 2020
Dear Prime Minister Trudeau, Deputy Minister Freeland, Minister Morneau and Minister Guilbeault:
We represent tens of thousands of artists, writers, technicians, and performers from many backgrounds and regions across Canada. Our voices are united; we call upon the Government of Canada to ensure the financial well-being of all residents by implementing a permanent Basic Income Guarantee.
The pandemic’s wrath on lives has been swift. Millions are still out of work. Those whose financial situation was not previously precarious find themselves sinking into financial quicksand, their lives instantly upended through no fault of their own. The arts, culture, heritage, tourism, and creative industries have been deeply affected: productions have been canceled, venues shuttered, and livelihoods lost. In these unprecedented times, millions of Canadians, including those in the arts and culture sector, exist in a precarious reality. In this new reality, we are all vulnerable to unexpected changes in circumstances and unexpected hardships. Poverty can become a reality for all of us, abruptly, without warning.
Financial insecurity and the cracks in our health- and social-support systems have been highlighted by the pandemic, but they were always present. Structural inequalities disproportionately affect vulnerable and marginalized communities, making it more likely for people with disabilities, LGBTQ2+, Black, Indigenous, people of colour, refugees and immigrants, women, single mothers and others to slip into systemic cycles of poverty and poor health.
Many support programs have been eroded during the last few decades, with federal, provincial and territorial income assistance and disability support systems consistently failing to provide economic dignity or meet basic human needs. Furthermore, employment-insurance programs have not adapted to the realities of the gig economy or the self-employed, and a large proportion of workers do not meet their required criteria, which is often based on full-time work. If workers do qualify, they often face barriers to re-entering the labour force in the form of reduced support when short-term employment opportunities arise.
The gig economy is undermining decades of worker protections. As participants, many arts-and-culture-sector workers are subject to precarious short-term contracts, without access to benefits, paid sick leave, or even employment insurance. Today, the world of general labour is looking a lot like the way art labour has looked for decades. We write to express our collective concern regarding the precarious state of labour that is in urgent need of reform and redress.
Canada is at a crossroads. The government can continue to look the other way, allowing our most vulnerable to fall through the cracks of a systematically broken social safety net and perpetuate a history of economic insecurity, anxiety and fear. Or, we can take this opportunity to bring about much-needed change and make a meaningful difference that will lead to a brighter future. Establishing a Basic Income Guarantee will help to create a healthier, more equitable social safety system that provides financial support, elevating people and ensuring that no one is left behind.
We commend your leadership and the work of the Government of Canada in implementing and extending the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) and other measures, including support for the arts, sports, and cultural sectors. However, too many are still being left behind, held back by barriers beyond their control. A Basic Income Guarantee would build on your existing programs, including CERB, and provide financial security to meet people’s basic needs and allow them to participate in society, living with dignity regardless of their work status.
As stakeholders of the arts and culture sector, we ask you to give Canadians the chance not only to survive, but to live.
Towards this:
We, the undersigned, are calling upon the Government of Canada to honour its commitment to poverty reduction and instate a Basic Income Guarantee to make a historic investment in a better tomorrow;
We call upon the Government of Canada to hereby reduce the inequities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic: to remove the financial obstacles faced by our most vulnerable, to alleviate gender-based poverty, and to address the economic inequality based in persistent racism and colonialism;
We call upon the Government of Canada to implement a universally accessible and unconditional basic income program that guarantees an income floor to anyone in need.
In the pandemic’s wake, the arts communities, versatile and adaptable, are evolving in new and exciting ways. Artists, writers, technicians, and performers will continue to create and to inspire the world around them. Their creation of novel forms of digital culture, music and performance art, online entertainment, movies, literary works, arts and crafts will allow people to weather times of solitude, hardship, and ruptures in social behaviour and contribute to their overall well-being.
We envision a Basic Income Guarantee that ensures financial stability without eroding the existing federal support for arts and culture programs. Unconditional access to a basic income will support the remarkable creative capacity of individuals and provide employment opportunities, bold visions and community inspiration.
Great challenges are often the catalyst to transform societies and our ways of being – the challenges we face today are no exception. We require a Basic Income Guarantee. The opportunity for change is here and now.
Sincerely,
Craig Berggold – Media artist / Team leader, Case for Basic Income and the Arts, Ontario Basic Income Network
Zainub Verjee – Laureate, 2020 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Outstanding Contribution
Clayton Windatt – Independent artist / curator
With, and on behalf of:
Organizations
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE)
Canadian Federation of Musicians / Federation canadienne des musiciens
Canadian Actors’ Equity Association (CAEA)
Fédération culturelle canadienne-française (FCCF)
Kehewin Native Dance Theatre
Canadian Artists’ Representation / Le Front des artistes canadiens (CARFAC)
Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec (RAAV)
Conseil québécois du théâtre (CQT)
Artist-Run Centres and Collectives Conference / Conférence des collectifs et des Centres d’artistes autogérés
Playwrights Guild of Canada (PGC)
Independent Media Arts Alliance / Alliance des arts médiatiques indépendants
Canadian Crafts Federation / Fédération canadienne des métiers d’art
Association acadienne des artistes professionnel.le.s du Nouveau-Brunswick
League of Canadian Poets
Canadian Dance Assembly / L’Assemblée canadienne de la danse (CDA / ACD)
The Writers’ Union of Canada
Dancer Transition Resource Centre/Centre de ressources et transition pour danseurs
Union des écrivaines et écrivains québécois (UNEQ)
Literary Managers and Dramaturgs of the Americas (LMDA)
Electric City Culture Council Peterborough
Canadian Federation of Musicians, Ottawa Local 180
CARFAC – Ontario
New Brunswick Crafts Council
Basic Income YYC Arts Collective, Calgary
Prospect Human Services, Studio C
Kingston Arts Council
CARFAC – Alberta
Media Arts Network of Ontario
Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts
Quinte Arts Council
Canadian Alliance of Dance Artists/West
Canadian Alliance of Dance Artists/East
CSARN (Canadian Senior Artists’ Resource Network)
Associated Designers of Canada
Individuals
Moridja Kitenge Banza – 2020 Sobey Art Award – Quebec / Multidisciplinary Artist
Ruth Cuthand – 2020 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Visual Artist
Jorge Lozano – 2020 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Filmmaker
Anna Torma – 2020 Saidye Bronfman Award / 2020 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts
Marlene Creates – 2019 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Lifetime Artistic Achievement
Alison Duke – 2019 ByBlacks People’s Choice Award Winner, Best Film Director
Ali Kazimi – 2019 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Filmmaker and Media Artist
Gertrude Kearns – 2019 Member of the Order of Canada / Visual Artist
Andrew James Paterson – 2019 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts
Midi Onodera – 2018 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Media Artist
Adrian Stimson – 2018 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Visual and Performance Artist
Marcus Youssef – 2017 Siminovitch Prize for Theatre Laureate, Playwright
George Elliot Clarke – 2017-16 Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate
Mike Hoolboom – 2017 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Filmmaker
Christopher House, C.M. – 2017 Member of the Order of Canada / Choreographer
Glenn Lewis – 2017 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Visual Artist
Colleen Murphy – 2016 & 2007 Governor General’s Award for Literary Merit, Drama
Emma Donoghue – 2016 Nominated for Academy Award – Best Adapted Screenplay / 2010 Finalist, Man Booker Prize
Jayce Salloum – 2014 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Media Artist
Peggy Baker CM, O.Ont, LLD, Dlitt– 2009 Governor General’s Award for Lifetime Achievement in Dance
Adrianne Pieczonka, O.C. FRSC – 2008 Officer of the Order of Canada / Opera Singer / Chair in Voice, Glenn Gould School, Royal Conservatory of Music
Lata Pada – 2008 Member of the Order of Canada, Choreographer / Dancer
Eric Metcalfe, R.C.A., LL, lit – 2008 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Interdisciplinary Artist
Vera Frenkel – 2006 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Multidisciplinary Artist
Paul Wong – 2005 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Video Artist
Vern Thiessen– 2003 Governor General’s Award for Literary Merit, Drama
Jamelie Hassan – 2001 Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Visual Artist
Djanet Sears – 1998 Governor General’s Award for Literary Merit, Drama
Colleen Wagner – 1996 Governor General’s Award for Literary Merit, Drama
Judy Rebick – Writer
Lillian Allen – Poet / Writer / Performer
Rosa John – Artistic Director, Kehewin Native Dance Theatre
John Greyson – Video / Film Artist
Richard Fung – Professor Emeritus, Ontario College of Art & Design Univ.
Carole Conde – Independent Artist
Karl Beveridge – Independent Artist
Min Sook Lee – Filmmaker / Teacher
Indu Vashist – Director, South Asian Visual Arts Centre
Peter Morin – Faculty of Art, Ontario College of Art & Design University
Giovanna Riccio – Poet
Krisztina Szabo – Opera Singer
Carol Podedworny – Director, McMaster Museum of Art
Devyani Saltzman – Director of Programming, Art Gallery of Ontario
Gerald Beaulieu – Visual Artist / Former President CARFAC National
Peter McGillivray – Baritone / Opera Singer / Council Member, Canadian Actor’s Equity Assoc.
Sylvie Meste– Directrice générale, Conseil Québécois du Théâtre
Anne Bertrand – Director, Artist-Run Centres and Collectives Conference
April Britski – National Executive Director, CARFAC
Maegen Black – Director, Canadian Crafts Federation / Freelance Author
Scott McLeod – Editor, Prefix Magazine
Sarindar Dhaliwal – Visual Artist
Florence MacDonald – Playwright
Andrea Fatona – Professor, Ontario College of Art & Design University
Peter Flemming – Actor
Pierre-André Doucet – Pianist / Co-directeur artistique, Été musical de Barachois
Emmay Mah is the Executive Director of the Toronto Environmental Alliance (TEA). In this posting on TEA’s website she shares her reflections on allyship.
The core of Emmay’s thinking on our current context might be summarized in this statement of hers:
Those of us who hold resources and influence, organizationally or personally, need to be willing to have uncomfortable and challenging conversations with our peers, communities, co-workers, employees and supporters – and be willing to listen to racialized people who offer the gift of sharing their experiences with us. It is only through the willingness to linger in a place of discomfort that we can begin to fully understand and address injustice in our society, institutions and communities.
What are the responsibilities of environmental organizations in building a racially-just society?
POSTED BY EMMAY MAH ON JUNE 30, 2020
At a time when the struggle for racial justice is at the forefront of public discourse, environmental organizations like the Toronto Environmental Alliance (TEA) are compelled to reflect on their roles and responsibilities in addressing the inequity, violence, and systemic oppression experienced by Black, Indigenous and other racialized peoples.
It’s a gross injustice that the burden of “righting” our society continues to be borne by the people who experience the most extreme forms of racism and discrimination. It’s long past time that those of us who hold resources and influence help to share this burden, and this includes the environmental community.
At TEA, our commitment to more deeply embed an equity lens in our work, and build meaningful relationships with racialized communities, is an ongoing process. While I do not claim to have all the answers, I’d like to share some thoughts on what allyship can look like for us and other environmental organizations, and how we can contribute to catalyzing and supporting lasting change.
Use our platforms to express support and solidarity.
In the context of the ongoing violence and dehumanizing behaviour experienced by Black and Indigenous communities, staying silent is not an option. Many environmental organizations have public platforms that can and should be used to speak out against injustice and make statements of support and commitment. The intention is not to put environmental organizations at the centre of this discourse, but rather, to support and amplify the voices and messages of those who are at the forefront of the struggle for racial justice.
Build connections to our work.
At TEA, we have a clear purpose – building a greener city for all – which is grounded in the belief that environmental issues impact all residents in our city, and that solutions must consider how to address inequity related to these environmental problems. This does not diminish our important environmental watchdog and policy-advocacy role. On the contrary, by including an equity lens in the in-depth environmental analysis TEA conducts, we aim to do a better job of preventing unintended harms and maximizing the positive benefits of the solutions we put forward.
The analogy that “we are in the same storm but on different boats” has been used to describe the COVID-19 pandemic, and similarly applies to the interconnected nature of climate, economic and racial justice. For example, in our city, there is growing income inequality between racialized and non-racialized populations, and significantly higher rates of poverty among racialized people, including children. Household income can determine where people live and their housing conditions, which in turn impacts how they experience environmental shocks such as extreme heat. Low-income households have very low consumption-based emissions but are made disproportionately vulnerable to climate-related risks.
For several years, accelerating equitable climate action in Toronto has been a core focus for TEA. We consistently advocate for housing retrofits as a climate solution that can reduce emissions, make residents’ housing more resilient in extreme weather, and create good, green job opportunities for equity-seeking people in the skilled trades. We also believe that retrofit programs require safeguards to protect tenants’ rights so that retrofits don’t lead to renovictions.
Illuminate systemic impacts.
Environmental organizations have a responsibility to understand and situate their work in relation to other systemic issues. We have to recognize that many of the drivers of environmental harm are the same drivers that create systemic inequity and injustice. Data – both statistics and other information provided by communities – can reveal the deep connections between these issues and illuminate systemic solutions that can address harm to people and the planet.
Overlaying environmental data with geographical and race-based data can tell a powerful story. For example, a 2017 US study found that concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (from transportation emissions) were 2.7 times higher in neighbourhoods with the highest proportion of racialized people than those with the lowest proportion. This type of work, which highlights the connection between pollution exposure and where racialized people live, can facilitate collaborative advocacy among environmental groups and community members.
Make space for excluded voices.
It’s a painful fact that our political institutions were born out of a colonial system that was designed to keep certain people silent and subordinate. This legacy remains with us today in overt ways – such as the Indian Act and the visible lack of diverse political representatives at all levels of government – and in more insidious ways when it comes to which voices hold influence in how government designs policy, implements programs and allocates resources.
Sadly, the environmental movement has also played a role in perpetuating this legacy. There are historic examples of conservationist beliefs conflated with eugenics, and contemporary examples of environmental campaigns that have chosen to completely disregard the implications for local populations including Indigenous communities. The voices of Indigenous people and other racialized people, who have demonstrated tireless leadership in defending land, water and air, have gone unrecognized, and at times, have been purposefully excluded or undermined.
Given where we’ve come from, and the injustice that continues today, we need to proactively work to build a different path forward. It is important for the environmental movement to recognize and support the work led by Indigenous, Black and other racialized communities, which happens in spaces that are inside and outside of mainstream institutions. Environmental organizations can play a role in amplifying these voices in environmental policy and programs, and broader decision-making and resource allocation processes.
There are encouraging initiatives underway that seek to make space for racialized people in public policy and inside the institutions where decisions are taken. The action-research project led by Adapting Canadian Work & Workplaces (ACW) in collaboration with the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists (CBTU), Environmental Racism: The Impact of Climate Change on Racialized Canadian Communities: An Environmental Justice Perspective, focuses on building Black and racialized leadership capacity to address environmental racism and influence public policy on climate. The Urban Alliance on Race Relations recently launched the Black Youth Fellowship, a professional and leadership development program focused on building the next generation of Black public servants, which will place participants in a Toronto Councillor’s office.
As a municipally-focused organization, TEA has intentionally built relationships with organizations who work with diverse communities across the city. We collaborate with these partners to engage more racialized people in civic processes to shape Toronto’s environmental policies and the City Budget. TEA also showcases and shares stories about the work of racialized people leading outstanding environmental work. We are committed to being vocal advocates for meaningful and transparent public participation and believe that our city will benefit from a greater diversity of voices calling for deeper and more equitable environmental action from government.
Face uncomfortable truths and be prepared for a long journey.
For all of us who are committed to sharing the burden of addressing past and present injustice in our society, it will be a long journey. During the first weekend of large-scale protests across the US, ignited by the killing of George Floyd by police, the hashtag #MeanwhileInCanada was trending on social media. Instead of using this moment to try to better understand the experiences of Black people on this side of the border, a significant number of people took to social media to paint an image of contrast between our ‘troubled’ neighbours to the south with our own ‘harmonious’ society.
In my view, a key role for allies is to help people and institutions face the uncomfortable truth that Black, Indigenous and other racialized people are continually treated as less equal and less valued members of our society. This is true here, in the US, and in many other parts of the world. We need to address the cognitive dissonance that can happen when people are confronted with a reality that does not match what they believe to be true – in this case about Canadian society – and use this moment to build greater understanding and empathy, not disassociation.
This brings me back to where I started. Those of us who hold resources and influence, organizationally or personally, need to be willing to have uncomfortable and challenging conversations with our peers, communities, co-workers, employees and supporters – and be willing to listen to racialized people who offer the gift of sharing their experiences with us. It is only through the willingness to linger in a place of discomfort that we can begin to fully understand and address injustice in our society, institutions and communities.
When I discussed writing this blog with my team, they urged me to share some of our challenges as an organization. One of the examples we discussed was how we respond internally to support the people on our team. TEA has a field canvass team, which, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, went door-to-door speaking with residents all over the city and raising critical funds for our work. At present, they do this work on the phone. Over the years, racialized workers on our team have had significantly different experiences than their non-racialized counterparts – whether it’s experiencing subtle mistrust or overtly racist behaviour while interacting with the public.
While TEA cannot control individuals’ behaviour towards our team, our organization can ensure that measures are in place that help workers feel supported when such incidents occur. In addition, equipping outreach workers with professional identification and providing supportive verification systems, which we started to do last year at the team’s request, can go a long way in mitigating certain types of harmful and hurtful interactions. Our team is encouraged to exit from situations where harmful views are expressed – whether it’s on the phone in person – since we do not want our workers to be subjected to discrimination nor do we want to recruit supporters with discriminatory views. We have had to face the reality that TEA’s outreach work takes place in a society where racism exists, and we must continually listen to staff and improve on how we support our team as they engage the public.
At TEA, we still have much to do to ensure that our work meaningfully supports the priorities of Black, Indigenous and racialized communities in Toronto. We are part of a growing movement that recognizes the interconnected nature of environmental, economic and racial justice work, which is why we are calling for green and just recovery for Toronto as we emerge from COVID-19. I am hopeful that we collectively can do the work needed to turn this important moment in history into an era where real change happens.
Several years ago, I was conducting a focus group discussion with a community group, and stories were shared by two elder members – one Black and one Jewish. They were commiserating about how there used to be parts of our city where they couldn’t go, and one recalled a sign that was posted in a public place that read “No Blacks or Jews allowed”. This was an important reminder to me about what has happened, in living memory, right here in Toronto. I sincerely hope that these elders will see a profound transformation in their lifetimes – a time when all people are safe, heard and valued.
What do we want “normal” to be when our society is stabilized after the pandemic has passed? How will we treat each other differently, ask just who our institutions serve, and how will we source and use “energy”?
The following “look forward” been composed by Emily Eaton.
The day after there will be a transition to a new normal. Economies that were fundamentally extractive, linear, and based on theft will be transformed. We will dislodge the power and interests that profit from the extraction and theft inherent in our pre-COVID carbon economies and rebuild ourselves based on reciprocity: caring for one another, both human and non-human.
This transition will be three-dimensional working towards decolonization, democratization and decarbonization.
1) Decolonization will not be understood as a metaphor. It will mean, quite literally, returning land, jurisdiction, and environmental decision-making to Indigenous Nations and communities. We will start with ‘crown lands’ and move on to consider how to return private property. We will manage the commons as if our children’s futures mattered.
2) Democratization will also require redistribution. We will wrestle our economies and our workplaces away from a small elite who are enriching themselves off of our labour and our environments. We will tax and redistribute their wealth, we will strengthen solidarity, cooperative, and socialized economies. We will recognize and value the labour of so many people who had been unpaid and poorly paid (women, undocumented workers, frontline service and care workers, racialized workers, and so on).
3) Decarbonization will be necessary to rescue a habitable world. Climate change is the next curve we will flatten. Supply chains, kin networks, and production will all become more local. Private sufficiency will be augmented by public luxury: fare-free, accessible public transit and low-carbon public amenities. Fossil fuel production will be phased out in a way that allows workers to stay in their communities and enjoy dignified lives.
The day after, when this transition begins, we will draw on the lessons we learned from caring for one another during the COVID-19 pandemic and we will recognize the need for a transformation in all three dimensions.
Emily Eatonis an associate professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at the University of Regina whose currently research focuses on the influence of the fossil fuels sector in Saskatchewan.
The pandemic, and Covid-19, have exposed many fissures in Canadian society. We cannot return to “normal” without seriously addressing many of these issues. If we do, our society will be closer to what we say we value as Canadians. The following article originally appeared in Canadian Dimension.
“What happened to ‘All Lives Matter’?”, a sign at a protest against Donald Trump in Eugene, Oregon. Photo by David Geitgey Sierralupe/Wikimedia Commons.
Many people are having ‘hard conversations’ right now about anti-Black racism and social change. These conversations with others and ourselves are confronting the routine ways non-Black people rationalize and excuse the violence inflicted on Black people, and then take issue with the protests that periodically erupt in response. Many who are engaging in them see these conversations as necessary for ‘changing hearts and minds’ and ultimately addressing anti-Black racism.
When anti-Black racism is confronted, the responses are typically defensive, derisive, dismissive, and/or deflective. We hear them repeated by countless different sources on news channels and social media feeds. Yet somehow these responses remain so consistent, so patterned, so predictable: You know he had a criminal record? But what did she do to make the officer respond like that? We don’t really know what happened. They should protest peacefully like Martin Luther King Jr. if they want to be heard. Black on Black violence. All lives matter.
Much of the time, we think of these formulaic, anti-Black views as misinformation, prejudice, bias, or ignorance. But they need to be understood in another way as well—namely, as ideology.
The word ideology is used in different ways, but one of the specific ways sociologists and political scientists use it is to point to belief systems and viewpoints that arise from the existing power relations in a society, and that serve to shield and protect those power relations. Ideologies, in this sense, provide us with the ideas and arguments that rationalize and justify our hierarchies, inequalities, and relations of exploitation, or at least allow us to proceed in spite of them. They are beliefs that just happen to secure or advance our material interests. In short, ideology is when the mind comes to the aid of the pocketbook and the property deed.
To think in terms of ideology is to emphasize the function of arguments rather than their content; what the words are doing rather than what they are saying. To think about ideology in the present context is to take seriously that a characteristic set of viewpoints, arguments, excuses, deflections, and rationalizations serve as a front line defense for the many tangible ways non-Black people profit and benefit from the subjugation, exploitation, oppression and brutalization of Black people. We encounter similarly consistent, and often overlapping, sets of responses when confronting misogyny and other forms of oppression and exploitation.
Understanding these anti-Black views to be part of an ideology shifts how we think about them in a couple of important ways. First, while we usually think about misinformation, bias, or ignorance as residing in an individual’s mind, we recognize ideology as being rooted in, and emanating from, our collective social relations and political-economic structures.
Second, especially in so-called democratic societies, we often think that the views of the public determine what our public policies and social arrangements look like. In other words, we usually think of our beliefs, values, attitudes and viewpoints as the cause of our relations of oppression and exploitation. It follows that in order to transform an injustice in our society, we need to go to the root cause and change people’s minds. But when we think in terms of ideology, we see that values and viewpoints can also be the effect of existing power relations. They often reflect and reinforce our unequal social arrangements and the distribution of material resources produced by those arrangements.
So what does this shift mean for current attempts to confront anti-Black racism? What it tells us is that we can’t just count on changing people’s minds without simultaneously transforming our collective political-economic structures. The causal arrow of social change doesn’t just go from changed social beliefs to changed power relations. It also goes from changed power relations to changed beliefs.
Of course, enough non-Black people’s minds do need to be changed in order to gain sufficient power to start transforming our political-economic structures. This can and is happening, especially amongst those whose livelihoods are less immediately reliant upon the oppression and exploitation of Black people. This also speaks to the importance of foregrounding the work of Black people in this struggle, as they are the ones who are least likely, relative to others, to be actively invested in reproducing anti-Black ideology and the social arrangements upon which it is based.
For many non-Black people, ‘tough conversations’, while daunting, are more palatable than deep political-economic restructuring of our social arrangements. Reparations, expansive universal social programs, and defunding the police sound far too radical. I’d rather just have a tough talk with my racist uncle.
Those conversations are important. Just keep in mind that the ideological viewpoints and beliefs of many won’t start to give way unless and until we start to transform the social arrangements that make those beliefs materially beneficial to them.
Jakeet Singh is an Assistant Professor of Political Theory at York University in Toronto.
The Pandemic Presents The Chance To End Homelessness In Canada For Good
It’s hard to social-distance at home if you don’t have a home.
There is a story about homelessness in HuffPost.ca that is part of After The Curve. This is an ongoing HuffPost Canada series that makes sense of how the COVID-19 crisis could change our country in the months and years ahead, and what opportunities exist to make Canada better. The story can be accessed at:
Doug Johnson Hatlem, a worker at The Sanctuary, a respite centre in Toronto, carries tents to be distributed to members of the homeless community on April 19 2020.
Housing is a human right! Now is the time to use our resources to make truly affordable housing available to everyone in our communities. Governments are demonstrating that there is no shortage of money, just a dearth of “political will”, or what used to be called “intestinal fortitude”.
Is anyone still counting the number of days of “COVID Confinement”? Or, have you moved on to counting the number of weeks, or months?
With our attention currently focused on the pandemic, and systemic racism, the media and others seem to have forgotten that the Earth is concurrently in a climate crisis. Toronto author Tom Rand prefers to label this situation as a time of “climate disruption”[1].
Some aspects of our natural environment have improved while “the economy” has been operating in slow motion. Air quality has improved in many cities because people are driving and flying less; carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have not risen as much this year as in the past years; we hear the birds in the morning rather than traffic, and so on.
Many people are now looking forward to a “return to “normal”. Do you remember what “normal” was doing to the Earth’s environment?
A world of species extinction and hyper-consumerism
A world of an ever increasing disparity of wealth / equity / and racism
A world of the car culture and the combustion engine belching polluting gasses
A world of homelessness and lengthy lines at foodbanks
BUT, we don’t have to return to that “normal”. We can work together to make a better world on three levels: personal, community, and as a society. Now is the opportunity to make a difference because change is in the air, and many people don’t want to return to the “old normal”. As Dr. Kwame McKenzie said in his blog, “Normal was the problem.”[2]
What would the “New Normal” look like? Some examples, for our consideration, are:
A society that puts people – and inclusion – first, recognizing our inter-relatedness with all people, and all of creation
A society that does not pay $40 Billion in annual subsidies to the fossil fuel industry
A society that retro-fits housing and other buildings to reduce their carbon footprint
A society that uses public street space for additional forms of transportation, such as buses, bicycles and pedestrians
A society with a progressive income tax system that includes meaningful taxes on wealth and the elimination of tax loopholes
As Gandhi said, “ Be the change you want to see in the world.”
My question is about how I make this “new normal” happen?
How do I want to live as a person of the Christian faith in the “New Normal” – both individually and as a part of my faith community?
How can I be effective in advocating for an economy that puts people before profit, and includes people of all cultures and skin colours?
How will I live with respect for other people, and the Earth, in the “New Normal”?
How will I seek justice for the Earth and its people, love kindness, and walk humbly with the Creator?
“The next few months are precious. Things have changed quickly.
We can imagine the “New Normal”. Naomi Klein
[1]Tom Rand, The Case for Climate Capitalism, ECW Press, 2020
The Day After: Animals marks the first installment in an ongoing curated series from Canadian Dimension that asks contributors to imagine the perils and possibilities that will ground our collective response to or emergence from the COVID-19 crisis.
Canadian Dimension will ask Canada’s leading scholars to respond to questions of human-environment relations to consider our post-COVID future:
What opportunities make you hopeful and what risks do you see at the human-nature interface?
How can we build an ethic of care for socioecological systems?
allanbaker 